The Evolution and Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Orthognathic Surgery

A comprehensive bibliometric analysis has been conducted addressing the transformation of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning technologies in orthognathic surgery and oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Digital Transformation in Surgical Processes

Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning technologies are radically transforming clinical processes in the fields of orthognathic surgery and oral and maxillofacial traumatology.

Traditional orthognathic planning methods relied on two-dimensional cephalometric tracings, plaster model surgeries, and manually produced acrylic splints.

Virtual Surgical Planning and Artificial Intelligence

The incorporation of three-dimensional virtual surgical planning (VSP) into the system has allowed for the volumetric simulation of skeletal movements and their transfer to the operating room.

Artificial intelligence is integrated into this digital workflow to automate radiographic diagnoses, improve VSP processes, and predict treatment outcomes.

Bibliometric Research and Data Sources

In the study, a comprehensive research strategy was followed by searching a total of three databases: Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, and IEEE Xplore.

Out of the 1,925 records obtained, duplicates were removed, and after applying strict eligibility criteria, a final total of 854 documents were included in the analysis.

Network and Thematic Cluster Analyses

Networks were created in VOSviewer software to map author keyword co-occurrences and international co-authorship networks.

The author keyword co-occurrence network was divided into five main thematic clusters, such as generative artificial intelligence, deep learning, computer vision, and computer-assisted surgery.