Guinea-Bissau Constitutional Reform Referendum and Electoral Process
Following the military coup in November 2025, Guinea-Bissau held a referendum on a constitutional amendment granting broad powers to the president. Following the vote, held in the shadow of a political crisis, attention has turned to the general elections on December 6.
Guinea-Bissau is awaiting the results of a constitutional amendment referendum that envisions granting broader powers to the president, ahead of the general elections scheduled for December 6. The process, boycotted by the opposition, is considered one of the most critical turning points on the path to a return to civilian rule in the country.
Referendum and the New Constitutional Draft
Voters cast their ballots on whether or not to approve the entry into force of the new constitution adopted by the Transitional Council. This vote stands out as an important step that will directly affect the country's future political structure.
Broad Powers Granted to the Presidency
While the current constitution mandates the appointment of the prime minister by the legislature, the new constitution grants the president sweeping powers, such as appointing and dismissing the prime minister and cabinet members, and dissolving parliament. Additionally, the number of seats in parliament is reduced from 102 to 65, and the number of electoral districts from 29 to 12.
Political History and Military Interventions
Ranking among the world's poorest nations, Guinea-Bissau has experienced 5 coups and numerous coup attempts since 1974. The military seized power in November 2025, just days after the presidential elections, overthrowing the head of state and suspending the electoral process.
Opposition Reaction and Boycott Call
In the West African nation, the opposition called for a boycott of the referendum due to restrictions on public freedoms. PAIGC, which spearheaded the country's independence, reported that political activities had been suspended and parties blocked.
Experts' Assessments on the Future
Chadian political analyst Salih Ishak Isa warned that concentrating powers in the presidency could provide stability in the short term, but may lead to instability in the long term due to the consolidation of power in a single hand. Experts emphasize that the real test will be the elections in December.