Taiwan's Strategic Importance Grows Amid U.S.-China Artificial Intelligence Competition

Serdar HocamAuthor & Editor

While U.S. leadership in artificial intelligence relies on Taiwan's semiconductor supply chain, the rivalry between the two nations increases the island's significance.

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The U.S.-China AI Race is Changing the Stakes for Taiwan | Council on Foreign Relations

The global artificial intelligence race between the United States and China is reshaping and elevating the island's strategic importance for the Washington administration due to the reliance of the semiconductor supply chain on Taiwan.

Artificial Intelligence and Supply Chain Dependency

The United States' ability to maintain its leadership in artificial intelligence depends directly on Taiwan's supply chain ecosystem. A potential conflict in the two nations' struggle for global dominance would jeopardize the future of the American AI industry.

Leaders' Summit and the Taiwan Agenda

Chinese President Xi Jinping and U.S. President Donald J. Trump are scheduled to meet in Washington. During talks held in Beijing in May, Taiwan was at the center of relations, and the Chinese side explicitly voiced its sensitivities on the matter.

Bilateral Dialogues and Risk of Conflict

While the leaders are expected to discuss artificial intelligence, the first formal bilateral dialogue is also planned following the agreement on safety guardrails. However, policymakers find it difficult to separate the global AI race from the issue of the Taiwan Strait.

China's Approach and Strategy Toward Taiwan

China views Taiwan as a core part of national reunification, and Beijing's desire for reunification continues independently of economic benefits. China is also considering placing restrictions on local companies' use of overseas foundries in order to strengthen domestic artificial intelligence.

America's Hardware and Chip Requirements

Leading American companies such as Nvidia, AMD, and OpenAI rely on Taiwan-based suppliers and TSMC manufacturing facilities for their next-generation platforms and chips. Meanwhile, efforts to boost chip manufacturing within the U.S. face physical obstacles such as labor and water shortages.

Beijing's Technological Advancements

Advancements by Chinese laboratories in artificial intelligence and the rollout of lower-cost alternative models are impacting the competitive balance in the U.S. and Silicon Valley. In the short term, a stable chip supply from Taiwan remains critically important.

Recommendations and Solutions for Washington

The White House must treat threats against Taiwan as threats to American economic leadership. Experts recommend delivering clear messages to Beijing, strengthening domestic security justifications, and engaging in joint planning against potential supply disruptions.