China Rapidly Expands Nuclear Arsenal and Testing Facilities

Serdar HocamAuthor & Editor

Satellite imagery reveals that China is increasing its nuclear weapons capacity and testing facilities, contradicting the country's rhetoric on nuclear disarmament.

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China expanding nuclear arsenal at alarming rate, analysis shows — despite Xi’s calls to de-escalate

Analyses and satellite imagery have revealed that China, under the leadership of President Xi Jinping, is rapidly expanding its nuclear arsenal and testing facilities. Contrary to official calls for disarmament, it has been determined that numerous new facilities have been constructed in rural areas.

Facilities Revealed by Satellite Imagery

Analysis of satellite imagery showed that at least seven nuclear testing and construction facilities have emerged or been expanded across China in recent months.

New Infrastructure and Settlements

It was reported that a brand-new town featuring apartment blocks, playgrounds, and a staff bus depot has been established around one nuclear facility, and that some village and farming communities were cleared for these construction works.

Arsenal Increase and Future Projections

China's nuclear arsenal has more than doubled since 2012, reaching 620 warheads as of last January, and experts estimate that this number could reach 1,500 by 2035.

International Comparisons and Expenditures

While the US has approximately 5,300 and Russia about 5,500 warheads, China spent an estimated $12.4 billion on its nuclear forces in 2024, according to data from the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons.