The challenges awaiting the United Nations' new secretary-general

The new secretary-general of the United Nations is preparing to take over the 81-year-old institution as of January 1, grappling with financial crises, Security Council reform, and ongoing global conflicts.

Financial and Structural Crises Facing the Institution

With an 81-year history and controlled by the victorious powers of World War II, the United Nations has lost much of its influence in global conflicts today.

Financial difficulties, particularly due to billions of dollars in arrears owed by the United States, have led to major cuts in humanitarian aid and development programs.

Critical Warnings in Guterres's Farewell Speech

Outgoing Secretary-General Antonio Guterres pointed out in his farewell speech at the General Assembly that a strong UN capable of confronting the world's current realities is needed.

Guterres emphasized the need to protect international law, end wars, combat inequality, accelerate climate action, and govern artificial intelligence.

Pressure for 21st-Century Adaptation and Reform

As the election of the new secretary-general continues, experts state that the top priority is to restructure the institution according to 21st-century conditions.

Kizito Byenkya, advocacy director at the Open Society Foundations, stated that the new leader will be caught between internal reforms and the pressure to mediate in crises such as Gaza, Sudan, and Ukraine.

Security Council Structure and Legitimacy Debates

Security Council reform efforts face obstacles due to the veto power held by the five permanent members and the lack of permanent representation for regions such as Africa and Latin America.

Ghanaian President John Mahama emphasized that Security Council reform is essential for the legitimacy and survival of the UN amid deep global fragmentation.