Japan's Biomass Energy Demand Threatens Indonesian Forests
Japan's rising demand for wood pellets and chips is leading to the destruction of tropical forests in Indonesia, a decline in biodiversity, and damage to the habitats of indigenous peoples.
According to new satellite analyses by environmental NGOs, the surge in wood pellet and chip production in Indonesia to meet Japan's growing renewable energy demand is triggering a new wave of deforestation in the country's remaining tropical forests.
The New Role of the Biomass Industry
With the global transition to clean energy, biomass energy obtained by burning wood is becoming widespread. Timer Manurung, director of Auriga Nusantara, stated that the biomass industry has become a new driver of deforestation in Indonesia.
Japan's Rising Import Data
Japan has significantly increased its wood pellet imports from Indonesia to achieve its renewable energy targets. The country's imports from Indonesia rose from 66,460 tons in 2023 to 402,310 tons in 2025, showing an increase of more than 500 percent.
Deforestation and Concession Areas
Analyses prepared by Earth Insight, Auriga Nusantara, and the Indigenous Peoples Alliance of the Archipelago reveal that biomass production is already destroying forests. At least 45 concession permits covering natural forests have been granted.
Indigenous Communities and Endangered Species
Current concessions and deforestation activities directly affect indigenous communities, such as the Polahi, and the critical habitats of endangered species.
Subsidies and Supply Chain Issues
Critics state that ongoing subsidies and weak supply chain audits allow pristine forests to be destroyed. While Japan has halted subsidies for future large-scale projects, approved projects continue to receive support for up to 20 years.